Animal genetics slideshare. (USA) 3382 Capital Circle NE Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA.

Animal genetics slideshare 2) A basic single-gene model is used to explain quantitative genetic theory, including calculations of population mean, genetic effects, and variance components. Dominant defect traits are inherited as well 5. What are model organisms? A model organism is a species that has been widely studied, usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has particular experimental advantages. Jihad Abdallah Genetic Model for Quantitative Traits. 99% accuracy Compiled by Abiral Acharya and Smriti Pahari 12 Unit 2: Forest Genetics (5) 2. ss DNA viruses Group3. Applications. Plant 2. It defines key genetic terminology such 4. Hamilton , Population Genetics, Wiley – Black Well ,A John Wiley & Sons ltd publication Gregor Johann Mendel: Father of Genetics • Known as the father of modern genetics • Gregor Mendel developed the principles of heredity while studying seven pairs of inherited characteristics in pea plants. CYTOGENETICS:- (CELLULAR GENETICS) • Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes; their structure and properties, chromosome behaviour during cell Genetics in schizophrenia - Download as a PDF or view online for free Psychiatric endophenotypes and the development of valid animal models. INTRODUCTION Genetics: The study of heredity and variation, of the reasons for similarity and differences between parents and their offspring. Genome :- All genetic info in a cell Chromosome :- organized unit of genome Genes = segments of DNA that code for functional products (rRNA, tRNA or protein) Genomics :- Field of genetics 24. This human invention has impact on society and the environment. Photo ILR Highlights of some of ADGG’s Achievements • Ethiopia First dairy animal parade held on Tuesday March 30, 2020, Fikiru Regessa, State Minister of Agriculture (extreme animal husbandry, together w ith genetics and heredopathology, as we ll as special animal husbandry, is the scientific basis of animal prod uction practice. Due to the high similarity in genetic sequences for proteins among species, transgenic organisms are able to effectively assimilate and express these trans-genes. 1. Genetics is the science of heredity and variation. ‡ÏK—z êd This document discusses genetic parameters and their estimation in animal breeding. Sex linkage refers to the association of a hereditary trait with sex chromosomes. • This similarity, along with other observations, led to the “endosymbiont hypothesis” – the idea that both mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from primitive organisms that were free-living and much like bacterial organisms. Useful in both Possible hazards of genetic engineering Risks for human health, e. Methods of selection in animal genetics and breeding Dr. Inbreeding Depression Definition: The reduction of survival and fertility rate of inbred offspring. but animal cells usually become committed to developing into specific types of cells after just a few early embryonic divisions. Terms often used interchangeably. Biotechnology in the 1980s • 1980: The U. Behaviors can be innate or learned, and are influenced by both genetics and environment. The AFLP technique is based on the principle of selectively amplifying a subset of restriction fragments from a complex mixture of DNA fragments obtained after digestion of genomic DNA with restriction endonucleases. . Animal viral vectors Animal viruses can be divided into DNA and RNA viruses, depending on the nature of their genomes. Lecture 7 Animal Cell Biotechnology Genetic engineering of animal cells Mammalian cells are the host cells of choice for the synthesis of complex glycoproteins from recombinant genes have required characteristics for post-translational processing and product secretion Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) most commonly used, well studied and characterized SNP - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 9. This is because several embryos are 4. 22 Static Terminal Sire System 4 breeding groups Group 1 (25% of the herd) mates breed A bulls to breed A cows to produce replacement heifers for group 1 and group 2. Success - We will use Punnett Summary • Livestock improvement is the result of using the principles of genetics • Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics • The amount of difference between parents and offspring is caused by genetics and This document discusses genetics and animal breeding. It discusses Gregor Mendel's foundational work in 1866 and subsequent It explains Mendel's principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment and how they can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring through Punnett squares. abnormal) 4. • The resulting phage genome contains portions of the bacterial chromosome (about 5 to 10% of the bacterial DNA) next to the integration site. The integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology and engineering science in order to achieve technological application of the capabilities of micro-organism, cultured tissue cells etc. REPEATABILITY • Repeatability is defined as the correlation between measurements on the same animal for traits, which are measured more than once • Represented by the symbol ‘r’. It occurs both plant and animal population as well as human . Mitotic chromosomes of D. Has single membrane and cell wall 4. 89 views • 7 slides Global Animal Genetics Market Animal breeding is the application of the principles of animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals. 8 billion by 2023 from USD 4. Follow. Biological rhythm-Cyclical, repeated variation in a biological function 3. Size – small 1- 10 μm 2. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red 7. Animal cells are eukaryotic cells, or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus. Specific reverse genetic techniques described include large-scale random mutagenesis, homologous recombination, transposable element excision, RNA interference, genome editing using ZFNs/TALENs In mammals, circadian clocks manage sleeping, waking, feeding and controlling whether an animal is nocturnal or diurnal. The technique of somatic cell hybridization is extensively used in human genome mapping, but it can in principle be used in many different animal systems. The book may appear in 2024. Pp 1-20. The name chromosome comes from two Greek words – chroma (colour) and soma (body Power Point is deals with the different aspects of Quantitative genetics in plant breeding it converse Basic Principles of Biometrical Genetics, on the basis of selection efficiency. Block User. Conclusion • “Chimps share 98% of the human genome, and a fully mature chimp has the equivalent mental abilities and consciousness of a four-year- old human. To achieve animal reproduction and raise livestock (sexual and maternal behavior) 6. Introduction Gregor Mendel is known as “the Father of Genetics” Erwin Chargaff noticed that there is a pattern in the 4 bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. 8 CHAPTER 2: MUTATION AND GENETIC POLYMORPHISM Definition: Genetic polymorphism is a term used in genetics to describe multiple forms of a single gene that exist in an individual or among a group of individuals (Philips, 2016). They are usually organisms that are easy Molecular genetics, nucleic acids-structure and function. Additive and Non-Additive Gene Effects • Two As a general rule, the animal house should be cleaned every day or alternative day. 14 % 20. Behavior rhythms-definition A rhythm has been defined as a sequence of events that repeat themselves through time in Microbial genetics lectures 22,23, and 24 - Download as a PDF or view online for free 2- Research • Genetic engineering is used to create animal models of human diseases. Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique. It finds that both nature and nurture contribute to human behavior, but that the influence of each depends on environmental factors like socioeconomic status. ‘ Each and every animal on earth has as much right to be here as you and me’ 16 3/12/2020 Add a footer 15. The mouse and human chromosomes are easily distinguishable. Jihad Abdallah Genetic Parameters. Immigration The number of organisms moving into area occupied by the population is called immigration. III year – the selfed seed of from first year Animal Breeding is the scientific field that uses the principles of genetics to aid in the improvement of livestock. , Briefings in Functional Genomics 9,2 : 103-110. Heterosis differs from luxuriance. Chapter 2. Read less Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding MJF Veterinary college. C. higher chances of infection Risk of creating new microbes that are difficult to kill by antibiotics The document also summarizes several studies that have investigated the role of genetics vs environment in areas like personality traits, relationship behaviors, test scores, and success. • A breed is a group of domestic animals with a homogeneous appearance, behavior, and other characteristics that distinguish it from other animals. Animal viruses have to recognize a specific host cellular receptor for entry during infection. Agriculture is the deliberate planting and harvesting of plants and herding animals. Effect Area Stained Stain Type Under UV light, distinct fluorescent banded pattern for each chromosome. It studies levels of genetic diversity within and among populations and species. patent for gene cloning is awarded to Boyer and Cohen. Gene concept, DNA and its replication Population Genetics / Genetic Structure of Populations - Gene Frequency and Genotypic Frequency / Hardy Weinberg Law / Application of Hardy Weinberg Law / Forces changing Gene and Genotypic Frequencies - Mutation, Migration, Selection The major problems related to the application of biotechnology in animal production as identified by 1- a growing distrust in and fear of biotechnology by the general public. A post-mortem examination showed she had a form of lung cancer called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, which is a totipotency - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Methods for prediction of Breeding Did an experiment with pea plants where he discovered there were crosses between tall and short plants helping him discover heritability through dominant and recessive traits. Some animals like pigs, cows, and hens provide food and live on farms. 5 years. Genes are represented by "traits" that can be distinguished between two parents. Jayesh Vyas Transformation - Download as a PDF or view online for free. (1) • E. Selection is the crux of crop improvement and makes use of the art and science concepts to ensure the success (gains derived) of a breeding program or specific project. Plant and animal breeding: breeders apply the principles of genetics to improve plants and animals. Presentations (1) Type Traits in Animal Genetics & Breeding Research. Gilchrist E and Haughn G. Richard Lankau, “Diversity within a species is necessary to maintain diversity among species. He did not speculate on the 6. They sequenced the gene of Bacteriophage MS2. 89 views • 7 slides Loading In bacteria, the genetic material is present as a long, circular DNA molecule that is compacted in an area called the nucleoid region. com) lOMoARcPSD|29919704 Cytogenetics - Download as a PDF or view online for free. higher chances for cancer Risks for animal health, e. pptx. Sex linkage is an association of a character with sex of the progeny during inheritance. Animal Breeding and Genetics Instructor: Dr. •Proto-oncogene encode GFR can also activated by mutation that cause the receptor monomer to undergo dimerization in the absence of exogenous ligand, 9. Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that causes changes in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling of organisms. Tests are 5. I have a passion in the field of genetics, replication and translation of DNA, 10. E. It explains that Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment reflect the same laws of probability that apply to events like coin tosses or dice rolls. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Genetics and Animal Behavior. This commitment often comes well before a cell begins to exhibit any characteristics of a particular cell type; once the cell becomes committed Breeding Systems • Animal breeding is a segment of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value of domestic livestock. ds RNA viruses Group4. Altering activity of these genes can alter 2. In Italy (2001) a successful cloning of a healthy baby mouflon, an endangered wild sheep was reported. Such things as what constitutes an appropriate sexual partner. S. Most genes for sex link traits are present only on the X- chromosome. All animals have a predetermined genotype that 33. Ultradian-High frequency – repeats many times in a day 4. Jihad Abdallah Prediction of Breeding Values (selection methods for a single trait). INTRODUCTION Genetic engineering is a part of biotechnology. Long spells of severe drought and serious out break of disease in some parts of the country led some futurologists to state that a possible doom in India by the end of the decade. SNPs close to particular gene Some key applications of molecular markers mentioned are in forensics, disease detection, animal breeding through marker-assisted selection, and studying genetic diversity. Arms of the autosomes are designated 2L, 2R, 3L, 3R, and 4. Introduction Animal Biotechnology is a new technology that opened many doors in animal farm, medical and research fields. human mitochondrial genome consist of 16 569 bp, it is much smaller than the nuclear genome, and it contains just 37 genes,encoding 13 polypeptide Thirteen of these genes code for proteins involved in the respiratory complex,the main biochemical component of the energy-generating mitochondria; the other 24 genes specify non-coding RNA molecules that Ch1 introduction to genetics - Download as a PDF or view online for free 8. Thus a callus tissue may be in a broader sense totipotent, i. , it may be able to regenerated back to normal plant given certain manipulations of the medium and the cultural environment. 4]Plasticity Stem cell from one tissue may be able to 5. Increase number of different sires in herd - Through artificial insemination, it is possible to introduce several different genetic lines into the herd through the use of different sires. In recent years, the technique of cloning whole organisms has been developed in mammals, allowing almost identical genetic clones of an animal to be 3. Types of kineses 1. Genome: The sum total of all the genetic information 4. SNP AS GENETIC MARKERS SNPs are found in coding and (mostly) non coding regions. They are used in traditional healing rituals by folk doctors, and mainy Black Guinea pig used to diagnose 4. Reverse genetics techniques: engineering loss and gain of gene function in plants. Read less Animal Breeding and Genetics. 1 Genetic Material, gene expression and interaction, gene techniques Any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin that carries genetic information and that passes it from one generation to the next. • The genes controlled by genes located on the sex chromosome is called sex- linked inheritance. Structural effects of mutation on protein Exammple E l • In sickle‐cell disease, the substitution of A by T at the i kl ll di h b f b h 17th nucleotide of the β‐globin gene changes the codon from GAG to GTG (Glu to val). Reduce sire costs - In smaller herds, artificial insemination is usually less expensive than the ownership of a quality sire including building, feed, and labor costs. The term hybrid vigour is used as synonym for heterosis. Study and application of Animal 2 Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: explain the role that genetics plays in animal production. Chapter Three. A Finn Dorset such as Dolly has a life expectancy of around 11 to 12 years, but Dolly lived 6. • Mendel worked on pea plants, but his principles apply to traits in plants and animals – they can explain how we inherit our eye colour, hair colour and 3. Somatic cell hybridization • In animals fusion of two different cells and production of a hybrid cell have been successfully achieved. G. What is genetics? «Genetics is the branch of science concerned with genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. of Animal Biotechnology Asst. -Wikipedia Read less 11. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate 2. It covers the introduction, history, methods of gene transfer including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and vector-less methods, mechanism of transgene expression for disease resistance, case studies demonstrating reduced disease symptoms in transgenic tobacco and Animal Genetics reports on molecular genetics, functional genomics and microbiomics of livestock, aquaculture, wildlife and laboratory animals. Useful in selection of elite types from homozygous population. 20. The fly’s rapid life cycle, low chromosome number, small genome size, and giant salivary gland chromosomes are among the experimental advantages that made D. Definitions Heterosis refers to the superiority of F1 hybrids in one or more characters over its parents. I. Their linkage with other genetic markers are calculated same way as if they are common markers and the actual gene loci are then bracketed in a region Cells return to interphase Cytokinesis: • Occurs at the end of mitosis • Animal cells: a cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells • Plant cell: a cell plate separates the daughter cells • Daughter cells are genetically identical Animal Genetics Market Research 2020 by Products, Testing Services and By Geography DavidClark206 Potential application of lessons from dairy genetics into beef: Lessons from ADGG - Download as a PDF or view online for free in Dodoma, Tanzania, June 2019. HISTORY • In vitro somatic cell hybridization was first discovered by George Barski in Paris in 1960 • Barski reported that cultures containing a mixture of two sublines of heteroploidy mouse cell were overgrown by new cell lines, the karyotype of which was the sum of two parental karyotypes • Lederberg(1958) and Pontecorvo in 1961 sensed the potential of this 5. • Although the significance of his work was not recognized during his lifetime, it has become the basis for the present-day field of Editor's Notes. Supreme Court approves the patenting of genetically-engineered life forms • 1980: The U. Requires crossing in a definite fashion. Management and Marketing 11- 12 Basic Agricultural Genetics 12-20 Tips And Frequently Asked Questions 21-30 Downloaded by Surprise Ramahlo (surpriseramahlo1930@gmail. This document provides an overview of genetics including key discoveries and scientists. B. 3]Differentiation They can give rise to specialized tissue. Chromosomal loss & mapping The mouse-human somatic cell hybrids have four important features that make them especially useful for genetic analysis:- 1. They are used to 'flag' the position of a particular gene or the Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance and genetics. explain the • What are the laws of genetics? L EARNING T ARGET Target - We will learn how Punnett squares display chances of specific genetic inheritance. Morgan in 1910. to reduce the cost of genomic selection in indigenous cattle breeds at ground level. Breeding Methods: 1 4. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience 2010;3(12): 289-303 Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. 9% • Not able to satisfy the demand at the present growth rate • We need to increase 2. ds DNA viruses Group2. Bridgen A. It then provides 12. Definition The term transgenic animal refers to an animal in which there has been a deliberate modification of the genome, the material responsible for inherited characteristics, in contrast to spontaneous mutation (FELASA The BecA-ILRI Hub: B4FA Animal Genetics for Africa Jagger Harvey, BecA-ILRI Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015 2. coli cells, the rDNA is added to the bacterial culture and the culture is treated with 50 mM calcium chloride (cacl2 ) solution at room temperature. Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Chapter 9: Selection Response William Beavis; Kendall Lamkey; and Anthony Assibi Mahama. Cell Boundaries • Plasma Membrane: • An outer covering that defines the cell boundary • Controls the movement of material such as gases, nutrients and waste products into and outside the cell • Cell Coat: • Consists of glycogen and polysaccharides • This document provides an introduction to Mendelian genetics. PROCEDURE I year – phenotypically superior plants are selected from population and selfed seed are harvested separately. (Adenine paired withThymine and Guanine paired with 4. This is highly sensitive method for detecting polymorphism throughout the genome and is becoming increasingly popular. My main aim is to become a successful Genetic Engineer and receive the Royal Society Fellowship in the field of Biology. 4. , John Wiley and Sons ed. melanogaster the Broad sense heritability Narrow sense heritability Estimated from total genetic variance. It explains that behavior can evolve through natural selection to improve an animal's survival and fitness. I like going in depth of any topic which is new and interesting to me. DNA sexing can be performed from blood, feather or eggshell samples at a greater than 99. The Mendel work was rediscovered in 1900. Genetic Applications A. It discusses how genetics is the study of heredity and variation. • They have been used to study and model cancer (the oncomouse), obesity, heart 12. Limitations of the test of Hypothesis Testing of hypothesis is not decision making itself; but help for decision making Test does not explain the reasons as why the difference exist, it only indicate that the difference is due to fluctuations of sampling or because of other reasons but the tests do not tell about the reason causing the difference. The document discusses animal behavior and its study in ethology. Researchers have found that some animals tend to be more bold or shy, active or passive. heart, kidney, liver or lung Inherited defects resulting from mutant genes present in breeding lines or families have been seen in all breeds of domestic animals. SNP facts SNPs are found in coding and (mostly) noncoding regions. Host receptor binding is the initial step of virus life cycle and could be an effective target for preventing virus infection. human mitochondrial genome consist of 16 569 bp, it is much smaller than the nuclear genome, and it contains just 37 genes,encoding 13 polypeptide Thirteen of these genes code for proteins involved in the Ch1 introduction to genetics - Download as a PDF or view online for free 3. 9% • Not able to satisfy the demand at the present growth rate • We need to increase the production of milk, meat and wool at maximum level • Exploit the animal genetic resources through proper 8. Professor, CVSc Khanapara Submitted By- Dr. Behaviors are either innate genetic behaviors important for survival like foraging, parenting or courtship, or learned through processes Methods of selection in animal genetics and breeding. Many evolutionary biologists consider senescence to be the default state occuring after the animal has fulfilled the requirements of natural selection. Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Jayesh Vyas 2. Plant Biotechnology Biotechnology ----- a technology using biological phenomenon for copying and manufacturing various kinds of useful substances. from GAG to GTG (Glu to val) • This mutation changes the solubility and molecular This mutation changes the solubility and molecular stability of the protein. Opportunities – A growing private sector; – A growing African middle class; o Bioscience to add value to African genetic resources; o Explore new markets (esp They are the most commonly used mammalian research model and are used for research in genetics, psychology, medicine and other scientific disciplines 17th Century when William Harvey used them for his studies on reproduction and blood circulation 18th century----- used mice to study respiration Content Standard: o Plant and Animal Organ Systems and their Functions o Feedback Mechanisms ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY 4. SNPs in coding regions may 25. • Ranges from 0 to 1 or 0 to 100 per cent • Example: Lactation milk yield, Fleece weight in sheep, and Litter size in swine Repeatability Vs Heritability • Repeatability is an I am Ph. II year – replicated yield train is conducted using self crossed seed and superior progenies are identified. It is very important technique which develop and most famous for producing mono-colonal Transduction - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Instructor: Dr. dominance and epigenetics), gene distribution, and Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance and genetics. The material used to store genetic information in the GENETICS - Download as a PDF or view online for free. They may be expressed in typical patterns of inheritance such as the common simple autosomal recessive pattern typified by the recently described arthrogryposis multiplex anomaly of Angus cattle. melanogaster the AGB 121: Principles of Animal Genetics and Population Genetics (2+1) You are currently using guest access . Estimated from additive genetic variance. (USA) 3382 Capital Circle NE Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. pptx Chapter Three. McClung(1902) Made extensive observations of spermatogenesis in Grasshopper & 2. This was first applied for plant selection by Smith (1936) and later on for animal selection by Hazel (1943) General Selection Index: This was first proposed 2 Serena Yeung BIODS 220: AI in Healthcare Lecture 9 - Announcements Upcoming deadlines: Project proposal was due last Friday A2 due next Wed Oct 21 2. Half of the sperm receives this structure & half did not. Home / Transgenics refers to those specific genetic engineering processes that remove genetic material from one species of plant or animal and add it to a different species. Our list of services has continued to expand as new methods of detecting, isolating, amplifying and 3. Since 1800s, they are used as experimental animals like in pathology, nutrition, genetics,and toxicology research. describe the location of genes within a cell. Personality--Animal Behavior. Plant breeding, the past, present and future scopes Indian agriculture remained stagnant particularly during early sixties. Circular DNA 6. Occur with a very high frequency about 1 in 1000 bases to 1 in 100 to 300 bases. Animal Genetics/Avian Biotech offers a large number of reliable, state-of-the-art tests for birds including DNA sexing, disease testing and immunological assays that measure the immune system's response to a particular disease-causing organism. By combining the Methods of selection in animal genetics and breeding. Page path. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies remain constant between generations under certain conditions. Fusing a human and chimpanzee embryo—which researchers say is feasible—could produce a creature so human that questions regarding its moral and legal status would throw 4,000 years of ethics Since 1993 Animal Genetics has provided individuals around the world with innovative genetic services and the highest level of customer satisfaction. Also, I am working at Dept. Group 2 (25% of the herd) breeds the AA heifers to a bull (breed B) to a different breed, producing crossbred heifers (breed AB) Group 3 (50% of the herd) breeds the AB heifers to a terminal (T) bull selected for 2. Hamilton , Population Genetics, Wiley – Black Well ,A John Wiley & Sons ltd publication 4. This ratio change in reciprocal cross due to phenomenon of sex linkage. Contd. These hybrid cells have significant biotechnological applications in many more areas such as: (i) study of control of gene expression and differentiation, (ii) gene mapping, (iii) malignancy, (iv) viral replication, and (v) antibody Genomics - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Introduction to Reverse Genetics. Animal Genetics Inc. Sex linkage refers to the association of a hereditary trait 2. ƒü ä [šw_N ˜¶Ø¯ ˆeMÈtYöØÏO ( # c'“Ë©×ÞOýk¯mƒìFŸ T "ÍÛ}ÿê ¨×JÙ·»é”$ôÖ\7¦ ¡0 }ƒ ‹ŒB‚p £YŽÕý ³† K!ÙŸ ›ÛÑM²õªÅ ‡jÞ cgÞqâ— p+z ƒ²ñfƒR3îU{kz¶»N© mC+ G;h²ŽÂa`σ Ì6 `Š‡Ï´‹Æg s ôV~Kœ9ö »¢±” ÜâÝ;¸?Þ Ão)ì¥ óbÇí³·X4'Á½Úóö^]jS3yÒ –î:£W{. The term chromosome comes from the Greek words for 2. Chemical mediated transformation :(Calcium chloride) To introduce rDNA into E . Advantages 3. THE BALTIMORE CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES Animal viruses are classified in the following 7 groups according to relationship between virion, nucleic acid & mRNA transcription : Group1. Mendel’s Hypothesis Mendel then hypothesized that there are two possibilities for each trait (green or yellow pods) He called the green pods a dominant trait because it was a more powerful trait that showed up more often He called the yellow pods a recessive trait because it sometimes disappeared and showed up less often He then realized that if an offspring had one Forward genetics begins with a phenotype and identifies the underlying gene, while reverse genetics starts with a gene and determines its phenotype. 5 % during the forecast period. The art and science of producing genetically engineered animals. Summary & Application Animal-assisted therapy, where dogs, horses and other domestic animals help facilitate therapy, can be helpful for those who are socially isolated, coping with a diagnosis on the autism spectrum, or suffering from a mood disorder or post-traumatic stress. , 2012. 2- a scarcity of properly educated scientists and technicians and a lack of support for projects aimed at applying biotechnology to livestock production. (-) sense ss RNA viruses Group6. D candidate on Animal Genetics and breeding at University of Tehran. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free century they were brought to Europe. Unicellular 3. Animal personalities vary just as human personalities do. This document provides an introduction to genetics. cont. The document aims to introduce molecular markers and their wide-ranging uses in fields like genetics, biotechnology, forensics and agriculture. 2:- WILHELM JOHANNSEN He coined the term 15. Type Traits in Animal Genetics & Breeding Research Submitted To- Dr. SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE • The inheritance of a trait (phenotype) that is determined by a gene located on one of the sex chromosomes is called sex linked inheritance. In this context, the future role of the 16. Importance of Diversity Assures possible adaptations to environmental changes and potential survival of species! At least some individuals have a better chance to inherit genetic characteristics that are vital for their survival Dr. EXAMPLES OF SELECTIVE BREEDING: Farmers may choose individual cows to mate which will produce a newer generation of cows that are better at producing milk. History • In 1911, by Thomas Hunt Morgan, gene for eye- color was located on the X chromosome of fruit fly. SOMATIC CELL GENETICS Somatic cell genetics, strictly speaking, means genetic studies of cells other than germ cells, but it is usually used more restrictively, referring to mammalian cells in tissue culture. The former refers to increase of F1 over parents in general vigour, yield and adaptation, whereas latter refers to increase of F1 over parents in vegetative growth but 2. Simply inherited traits: traits affected by one or few genes (coat color, Methods of selection in animal genetics and breeding - Download as a PDF or view online for free Animal Breeding and Genetics. It defines key terms like stimuli, behaviors, and types of learning. • 1981: The North Carolina Biotechnology Center is created—the 1st state-sponsored research center for biotechnology • 1981: The first genetically-engineered plant is 6. Reverse Genetics of RNA viruses: Applications and perspectives. This document discusses different types of animals and how they interact with humans or live in the wild. The document aims to introduce molecular I am very curious and enthusiastic when it comes to finding something new and impossible in the field of Researches. A wild-type Drosophila melanogaster, or fruit fly, has multifaceted brick red eyes, a tan thorax studded with arched black bristles, a striped abdomen, and a pair of translucent wings. Stimuli can be external, like sounds or smells, or internal, like hunger. 5. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes). 3- doubts about 1 SlideShare 4 Followers. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). SELECTION FOR COMBINING ABILITY •COMBINING ABILITY:-CA is the capacity of an individual to transmit superior performance to its offspring. 7. Apple growers would like to produce a type of apple The animal does not move toward or away the stimulus but moves at either a slow or fast rate depending on its "comfort zone. • They have been used to study and model cancer (the oncomouse), obesity, heart 2. Simply Inherited and Polygenic Traits • Simply inherited traits: traits affected by one or few genes (coat color, presence of horns, genetic defects like spider syndrome in sheep). eg-A group of greylag goslings, having 38. Publications include studies of variation in proteins, metabolomes, transcriptomes, genes and genomes in relation to phenotypes, mapping of traits and QTLs, gene editing, genetic diversity and epidemiology, epigenetics, epigenomics, Transgenics refers to those specific genetic engineering processes that remove genetic material from one species of plant or animal and add it to a different species. Amity Institute of Biotechnology Mendelian principles on inheritance • Our understanding of how inherited traits are passed between generations comes from principles first proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1866. 522 views • 19 slides Genetics and aggression A2 - Download as a PDF or view online for free AO2 SUPPORT FOR GENETICS: ANIMAL STUDIES Cases et al. g. Chromosome arms; mostly repetitive AT-rich DNA Quinacrine Q-banding Distinct banded pattern for each chromosome; same as Q-banding pattern except single additional band near 1) Quantitative genetics focuses on inheritance of quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes and influenced by the environment. What are Molecular Markers? Specific fragments of DNA that can be identified within the whole genome. Plant breeding is a branch of agriculture that focuses on manipulating plant heredity to develop new and improved plant types for use by society Plant Breeding is the science, art, and business of improving 18. melanogaster, showing euchromatic regions, heterochromatic regions, and centromeres. – Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering. • Ranges from 0 to 1 or 0 to 100 4. The material used to store genetic information in the Goat population 148. Developmental genetics - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The cells that comprise the callus mass are totipotent. THIS IS WHY High order multiples - more than three babies in the same womb - are exceptionally rare and occur almost exclusively while the woman is undergoing fertility treatment. Background • Gene – section of DNA • There are 2 genes for every trait ( sometimes more) • Allele – form of a gene - Most have 2 forms; a dominant and a recessive • Dominant – if present the trait shows • Recessive – only shows if both are present. In gene mapping, any sequence feature that can be faithfully distinguished from the two parents can be used as a genetic marker. Change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species to produce novel organisms. 2006;5:113- 119 cited in : Tiwari AK, Zai CC, Muller DJ, Kennedy JL. • Phenotypes of simply inherited traits are placed into categories (qualitative or 2. It is common in small populations and can cause some alleles to become more common or disappear entirely over time. More useful in animal breeding. The abundance of SNPs and the ease with which they can be measured make these genetic variations significant. • Endangered means there’s still time but extinction is forever. • More knowledge of complete ecosystems can help us to better understand and protects the requirements of all life including the human species. 88 +10. Personality traits in animals are shaped by both genetics and experiences during an animal's lifetime. Simply Inherited and Polygenic Traits. • Explained by Genic balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila proposed by Bridges in 1921. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learners shall be able to: develop a presentation (e. 83% 1st Barmer Dholpur • Contribution of livestock in : Agricultural GDP 28. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Animal Nutrition 4-7 Animal Production, Protection and Control 8-9 Animal Reproduction 9-11 Agric. These are non-human species that are used in the laboratory to help scientists understand biological processes. coli cells and It This presentation discusses genetic engineering for disease resistance in plants. Objectives • Explain how genetics relates to improvement in livestock production • Describe how cell division occurs • Diagram and explain how animal characteristics are transmitted • Diagram and explain sex determination, linkage, crossover and mutation. Under certain physiological and experimental conditions unspecialized cell can give rise to specialized cells such as including heart muscle cells, blood cells or nerve cells required to repair damaged or depleted adult cell population or tissue. DISCOVERY OF SEX CHROMOSOME H. 14. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. e. Animal cages are most efficiently cleaned and sanitized with mechanical washing equipment operating at 83oC (180oF) or higher, for a minimum of ten minutes. 25. The technique of DNA fingerprinting is based on the analysis of two types of highly variable sequences present in human genome: VNTR ( Variable Number Tandem Repeats) and STR (Short Tandem Repeats). The material used to store genetic information in the It begins by defining population genetics as the study of allele frequency changes within a population over time. A predicted genetic value for an animal is a single number for a particular trait or a single number predicting an animal’s worth for a linear combination of Goat population 148. • Some specific genes located in X and Y chromosomes are involved in sex determination. “”Nature” refers to the animal’s genetics while “nurture” refers to the animal’s environment, especially with regard to learned behaviors. It permits detection in 4. On 14 February 2003, Dolly was euthanised (act of putting an animal to death) because she had a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis. Role-playing, dramatization and other forms of multimedia) to show how an organism maintains homeostasis through the interaction of the 3. Ethical • Proportions of the animal selected for breeding; smaller the number larger the selection differential, • Herd size; larger herd size, smaller proportions of animals selected, • Reproductive rate; in cattle selection differential will be less whereas in 7. eg:Pacific salmon Recent studies indicate that there are genetic components that regulate rate of aging. DNA PROFILING There is an extremely small chance that another person has the same DNA profile for a particular set of 13 regions. BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES BOTH GENES AND ENVIRONMENT IMPRINTING is an classical example of the circumscribed learning , in which a young animal's early social interactions , usually with its parents lead to its learning. Serving as a sort of repair system for the body, they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. In 1995, 3. 84 -3. " In this case a fast movement (non random) means that the animal is searching for its comfort zone but a slow movement indicates that it has found it. of Biotechnology in Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (Genomics laboratory) as member of scientific board from 2001 up to now. Animal Breeding and Genetics. Changes in one or a Animal Genetics Market 2018 [241 Pages Report] The animal genetic market is projected to reach USD 5. Unlike prokaryotic cells, DNA in animal cells is housed within the nucleus. Applications Its major contribution to plant breeding is in over coming common crossing barriers among plant species. The phenotype of an animal for a repeated quantitative 6 Genetic Variation Is necessary for animals to naturally adapt to an environment over time Improves the genetics of animal populations through proper selection and mating practices This document provides definitions and explanations of key genetics concepts and terminology. When adult, they showed enhanced aggression and were aggressive Conservation genetics applies genetic methods to preserve biodiversity and avoid species extinction. To know what is going within the animal mind and understand the body language 3. •It is the phenomenon with which inbred lines 2. 2. (+) sense ss RNA viruses Group5. SNPs close to particular gene acts as a marker for that gene. Components of Phenotypic variation. Genes Brain Behav. The young gaur died from an infection about 48 h after its birth. Outcrossing brings genetic traits into the breeding program that tend to hide undesirable traits Crossbreeding is the mating of animals from two different breeds, it is used by many The document discusses probability and genetics. It defines important terms like ecology, behavior, altruism, and kin selection. He did not speculate on the significance of this body but called it “X-body”. Simply inherited traits: traits affected by one or few genes (coat color, presence of horns, genetic defects like spider syndrome in sheep). • When a prophage is induced to leave the host chromosome, excision is sometimes carried out improperly. 18. Anamika Mazumdar PG 1st year 2020-VMK-04 CYTOGENETIC TECHNIQUES 2. Credits: Science Magazine • Entire genome consists of 139. Inbreeding - Download as a PDF or view online for free. ctevt veterinary education animal breeding animal rights animal science animal welfare nepal animals dairy science technical education technology animal genetics education genetics microbiology diploma in animal science one health publichealth higher education #gynecology #publichealth #foodsafety public health parasitology zoonosis cdc Historical breeding programs JAN RENDEL presented a paper on THE ROLE OF BREEDING AND GENETICS IN ANIMALPRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES at the Symposium on Animal Genetics: X I I I International Congress of Genetics in the 60’s He said “Availability of animal protein for human consumption is very low in the 2. 21. However, we achieved break through in crops such as rice, wheat, International Samples Permit If you are submitting samples from outside the United States, these permits must be printed and mailed with the samples USDA Equine Permit CDC Permit USDA Declaration of Non-Infectious Material (Canine) USDA Declaration of Non-Infectious Material (Equine) Avian Order Forms Avian Blood Collection Cards Avian Extended Form Avian Human molecular Genetics - Download as a PDF or view online for free • Located inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells, chromosomes have unique thread-like structure, made of protein, called histones and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The application of Principles of Genetics. Gene :The unit of hereditary is the gene, a segment of DNA that carries in its nucleotide sequence information for a specific biochemical or physiological property. Wilson attributed the sex-linked genes responsible for color-blindness and hemophilia in human beings to be located on the X- chromosome, similar to the many X-linked factors being described by the Morgan group in flies. F. In The USA: 800-514-9672 Phone: 850-386-1145 4. • The goal of purebred production is to provide 9. Molecular markers are the general assays that allow detection of the sequence differences between two or more individual. Mendel’s Hypothesis Mendel then hypothesized that there are two possibilities for each trait (green or yellow pods) He called the green pods a dominant trait because it was a more powerful trait that showed up more often He called the yellow pods a recessive trait because it sometimes disappeared and showed up less often He then realized that if an offspring had one 4. Experimental animal Guinea pigs. Interacting with animals has been found to increase human levels of oxytocin, a Genetics of Animal Breeding Animal Science II Unit 9. • In circular form, the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes look remarkably similar to bacterial genomes. The mice had a dramatically altered serotonin metabolism and severe behavioural alterations. It discusses Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in the field in the 1800s, which laid the foundations for genetics but was not recognized until 1900. • Theory states that sex of an individual is determined by a balance between the genes for maleness and those for femaleness present in the individual • In Drosophila, 3. 11- 1 The Work of Gregor Mendel • Every living thing – plant or animal, microbe or human being – has a set of characteristics inherited from its parents • Since the beginning of recorded history, people have wanted to understand how that inheritance is passed from generation to generation This document discusses genetic parameters and their estimation in animal breeding. Prokaryote Cell Eukaryote Cell 1. To diagnose disease (normal Vs. The technology has already produced transgenic animals such as mice, rats, pigs, sheep and cows. Genetics :- Science of heredity study of what genes are, how they carry info, how they are replicated, and how expression of the info determines characteristics of the organism. After its offspring are born and raised,the animal can die. ss RNA reverse 13. • It was discovered by T. Usual assumption: infinite number of genes, each having a very small effect. Can be estimated from both parental and segregating material. 5 million base pairs and contains around 15,682 genes • contains 4 pairs of chromosomes – an X/Y pair (Males-XY, 5. B. H. HISTORY Genomics is a concept that was first developed by Fred Sanger in early 1970s, who first sequenced the complete genome of a virus and of a mitochondrion. In 2001, the first clone of an endangered animal, a wild ox called a gaur was born. In the case of Dolly, and possible attempts at human cloning, the American Medical Association defines cloning as the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer, although a broader definition is often used to include the production of tissue and organs from cell or tissue cultures using stem cells. Genetic Evaluation: prediction of the genetic value of an animal for a trait using phenotypic measurements. Scientists who rediscovered Mendel's work and contributed to understanding DNA structure including Watson, Crick, Franklin, and Miescher. To achieve animal welfare which will lead to high performance and production 7. In 1972, Walter Fiers and his research group became the first to sequence a gene. Key figures who contributed to genetics are mentioned, Animal genetics is a branch of genetics that pacts with the study of genetic variation and inheritance, primarily for domestic and wild animals. Branches and applications of genetics such as cytogenetics, molecular genetics, behavioral genetics, and population genetics. GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated and tested some 28,000 pea plants He found that the plants' offspring retained traits of the parents Called the “Father of Genetics" January 15, 2015 4 18. Their current project is 'Genotype Imputation in Gir dairy cattle'. the harmful effect of inbreeding depression first observed by Charls Darwin, in 57 plant species where self fertilization occurs between the individuals. Rupam Dutta Dept. , 2010. Cacl2 adheres the rDNA onto the surface of E. 2 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 6. It begins by defining genetics as the science of heredity and the transmission of Animal Breeding and Genetics. Chronobiology-Study of biological timekeeping 2. Oncogenes That Encode Growth Factors Receptors(GFR) • Malignant cells contain a much larger number of the receptors which makes the cells sensitive to much lower concentrations of the growth factor. It explains how genetics relates to livestock improvement and describes cell division, inheritance of traits, and genetic principles like dominance, sex Animal Breeding and Genetics. Small, isolated populations are vulnerable to loss of diversity through genetic drift, inbreeding, and reduced gene flow. Read less Microbial genetics lectures 22,23, and 24 - Download as a PDF or view online for free 2- Research • Genetic engineering is used to create animal models of human diseases. (1995) studied mice genetically engineered to lack MAOA. • Genetically modified mice are the most common genetically engineered animal model. Rajeshkumar Thakkar currently works at the Animal Breeding group, National Dairy Development Board as a research scholar. Bias may be introduced pushing the formation of the “undefined” population signature found in the SE due to the larger # of SE individuals vs the # of representatives in other breeds. 2. Animal Cell. It defines genetic parameters as quantities that characterize a population's statistics, such as variance and mean, which can be estimated from sample data. – Most thinking in genetics has focused upon vertical transfer, but there is a growing awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon, and amongst single-celled organisms perhaps the dominant form of genetic transfer. MICROBES • Bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. 6. Five evolutionary forces can change frequencies: mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and Xenotransplantation Definition: – the transfer of tissue from one species to another Usually refers to the implantation of animal tissue in humans provides a new source of organs for humans many different types of tissue can be transplanted: e. Behavior is subject to natural selection. Our laboratories are staffed with highly experienced individuals who process tens of thousands of DNA tests every year. It describes genetic material The course is divided into two papers, with the first covering biostatistics and principles of genetics and population genetics, and the second focusing on principles of animal breeding for livestock, poultry, pets and wild Animal genetics is a branch of genetics that pacts with the study of genetic variation and inheritance, primarily for domestic and wild animals. 1 SlideShare 4 Followers. Molecular markers are found at specific locations of the genome. Now, Genetical Genomics, Gene Networking and generally Systems Biology are my principle interests. Compiled by Abiral Acharya and Smriti Pahari 12 Unit 2: Forest Genetics (5) 2. Jihad Abdallah Lecture 1 Cells and chromosomes . • These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine. To examine and treat animals (how to handle animals) 5. A behavior is the nervous system’s response to a stimulus and is carried out by the muscular or the hormonal system. •It is the phenomenon with which inbred lines 16. The selected plants are crossed with tester and the seed are harvested individually. Genetics in schizophrenia: where we are and what next. Requires three elements: the gene to be transferred, a host cell into which the gene is inserted, and a vector to transfer. • Some key applications of molecular markers mentioned are in forensics, disease detection, animal breeding through marker-assisted selection, and studying genetic diversity. Truly speaking, totipotency of the cell is manifested Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding MJF Veterinary college. pptx 2. Causes of genetic polymorphism Deletion and duplication of millions of base pairs of DNA. 3. Heterozygous – one recessive gene & one dominant gene • Also called hybrid • Homozygous When animal models are employed in the study of human disease, they are frequently selected because of their similarity to humans in terms of genetics, anatomy, and physiology. In addition to having a nucleus, animal cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles, or tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation. PDF | This book along with the other book Animal Genetics are being upgraded to Masters and PhD level. Targeted and powerful method of introducing desirable traits into animals using recombinant DNA technology. 4 %, National GDP 4. The cloned mouflon is 2. It seeks to understand the process of trait inheritance from parents to offspring, including the molecular structure and function of genes, gene behavior in the context of a cell or organism (e. Animal breeding and Genetics Instructor: Dr. Henking (1891) While studying spermatogenesis of Wasp noted a particular nuclear structure. dominance and epigenetics), gene distribution, and 6. The Y-chromosome is smaller (Very few genes are HISTORY OF GENE 1:- GREGOR MENDLE (THE FATHER OF GENETICS) Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. No nucleus. Animal breeding is practiced since ancient days. Somatic cell nuclear transfer 7. Natality The birthrate, which is the ratio of total live births to total population in a particular area over a specified period of time Mortality The death rate, which is also the ratio of the total number of deaths to the total population. Zebu was an unexpected find similar to Anatolian find based on genetic analysis of population structure. usq ztodah jzazr cstzvik qslhrvm ejhpw ycee udef zvztrc urzo